EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH FACT SHEET ON FACTOR IV
1. NAME: Dr. George E. Keller
2. DATE OF PREPARATION: 25 Apr 97
3. JOB NUMBER: 80A-150
4. QUALIFICATIONS:
a. Education
1960 - BS in Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology
1962 - MS in Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology
1965 - PhD in Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology
2-5 May 77 - Combustion Diagnostics Short Course. 2.6 CEU.
9-20 May 77 - Supervisor Development (41-B). 43 course hours.
Jun-Dec 77 - CDC Cyber 170/Cyber 76 Software Training. 72 course hours.
12 Sep - 14 Nov 77 - Principles and Applications of Microcomputers, by L. M. Colonna-Romano, at BRL. 20 course hours.
2-28 Apr 78 - Management Improvement Techniques, 24 course hours.
29 Apr - 1 May 80 - Senator-Editor Training, 3 course hours.
30 Jun - 2 Jul 80 - Applied Instrumentation and Measurements Engineering, 12 course hours.
18-19 Aug 80 - DuPont Weapons/Explosives Safety Training, 10 course hours.
22-24 Oct 80 - Tutorial on Multiphase Flows, by US Army Research Office, at BRL.
May 81 - NOS Batch Usage, BRL.
2-5 Jun 81 - NOS Interactive Usage, BRL.
Sep 81 to Jan 82 - Combustion in Propulsion Systems, by Professor K. K. Kuo, Penn State Univ., at BRL.
17-20 May 83 - Shell as a Command Language, at BRL, 12 course hours.
16-17 Jul 84 - Natural Language Processing, at BRL, 13 course hours.
27-29 Aug 85 - Contracting Officer's Technical Representative Training, at BRL, 24 course hours.
9-10 Jun 86 - Developing High Performance Teams, by American Management Association at Washington, D.C., 14 course hours.
10-14 Nov 86 - Cray System Use, at BRL, 25 course hours.
18 May 87 - 22 Sept 87 Fluid Dynamics, at BRL, 39 course hours.
18-19 Nov 87 - Supervisory Training for Team Leaders, at BRL, 16 course hours.
21-22 Jan 88 - From Doing to Managing, at BRL, 14 course hours.
18-19 Feb 88 - Managing Technical Personnel, at BRL, 14 course hours.
2-3 Mar 88 - Winning with People, at BRL, 14 course hours.
1-3 Jun 88 - Research and Development Management, at AMA in Chicago, 24 course hours.
Mar 91 - Organizational Leadership for Executives, at Kansas City, by Center for Army Leadership, 80 course hours.
22-24 Apr 92 - Managing Technical Professionals, at AMA in Washington, 24 course hours.
26-27 May 92 - Quality Improvement Program, at BRL, 16 course hours.
31 Aug 92 - 4 Sept 92, Research and Development Contracting, at BRL, 40 course hours.
14-15 Apr 93, Hazardous Waste Training, at ARL, 14 course hours.
13-16 Sept 93, Ammunition/Explosive Certification Training Group I, at ARL, 18 course hours.
31 May - 1 June 94, Hazardous Waste Management for Generators/Handlers and Satellite Accumulation Site Managers/Alternates, at APG, 16 hours.
14 March 95, Ammunition/Explosives Annual Refresher Training, at APG, 8 course hours.
26 April 95, Hazardous Waste Management R1, R2, R4, R5 Combination Refresher, at APG, 8 hours.
13-23 June 95, Personnel Management for Executives, at Northeast Regional Training Center, Lancaster, PA, 80 course hours.
2 Feb 96, "Managing Unacceptable Behavior," by Keye Productivity Center Division of American Management Association, in Baltimore, 8 hours.
23 May 96, Hazardous Waste Management R1, R2, R4, R5 Combination Refresher, at APG, 8 hours.
8 Apr 97, Hazardous Waste Management R1, R2, R4, R5 Combination Refresher, at APG, 8 hours.
23 Apr 97, "Employee Attitude Problems," by Keye Productivity Center Division of the AMA, in Baltimore, 8 hours.
11 - 23 May 97 "Leadership for a Democratic Society: Applied Learning Program," two-week residential study at the Federal Executive Institute, Charlottesville, VA.
b. Experience
1960-1990, Graduate Research Assistant at Georgia Tech; U.S. Army Officer at Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory, WSMR; Research Physicist at BRL, highlighted by tour as Temporary Assistant to the BRL Director.
From 1 October 79 through September 1992, Dr. Keller served in the Applied Ballistics Branch of the IBD, BRL. Until 1983, he was primarily responsible for planning and conducting research to minimize or eliminate secondary gun muzzle flash. In FY83 and FY84, Dr. Keller worked with NOS/IH supporting their efforts to design a stick charge for their HIFRAG projectile.
From January through March of 1985, Dr. Keller served as an intern in the office of the Assistant Director of Army Research and Technology, Dr. Verderame, within the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Research, Development, and Acquisition (DCSRDA) in HQDA, Pentagon.
From April 1985 through March 1994, Dr. Keller served as the Team Leader of the Model Development and Application Team (MDAT) of the Applied Ballistics Branch of the IBD (through September, 1992) and as TL of MDAT of the Propulsion Physics Branch of the Propulsion and Flight Division (October, 1992 through March 1994).
In 1985-1990, Dr. Keller's efforts centered on the incorporation of multi-step, multi-species kinetics, propellant grain fracture, viscosity and turbulence into our two-phase-flow interior ballistic codes and the evaluation of the contributions of these improvements to the models.
Since 1990, reductions of mission funding and interior ballistic needs by other members of the ballistics community have led Dr. Keller to important applications of the models and codes he has helped develop. These projects have included a) serving on the Army/Navy panel of experts who investigated the USS IOWA turret explosion, b) serving as the principal investigator for (at this writing) four years of modeling investigations of Unicharge/MAC ignition processes, c) assistance to Benet in the development of fast-firing 155-mm cannons, d) assistance to OPM AFAS in the thermal management of fast-firing 155-mm cannons, e) assistance to CCAC in modeling and understanding unusual ignition of 120-mm tank guns, and e) a continuing study of gun tube erosion mechanisms.
April 1994 through 17 Sept 95, Dr. Keller has served as the Deputy Branch Chief of the Propulsion Branch of the Propulsion and Flight Division and as the Team Leader of the Solid Propulsion Team of the Propulsion Branch. 18 Sept 95 through 31 Dec 95, Dr. Keller has served as Acting Branch Chief of the Propulsion Branch. Jan 96 through Jun 96, Dr. Keller was back to being Deputy, but on 28 Jun 96, Dr. Keller became Chief of the Propulsion Branch and served in that capacity until his retirement in May 98.
5. CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS:
a. General
At BRL, Dr. Keller designed and constructed an drift tube, for the study of ion-molecule reactions. The sensitivity of the apparatus permitted him to show that the clustering of molecules to ions in the atmosphere was much faster than had previously been expected. This work was then expanded by his heading a team who measured cluster ions in the stratosphere, using a helium-balloon-borne apparatus. This part of his career, ended with his working to convert the Aeronomy team to the study of the combustion of propellants. The present laser-based measurements group in ICB, PFD is the direct descendant of that group.
Dr. Keller's year as Temporary Assistant to the Director, BRL, was marked by his successful effort to make a Unix-running computer available to the BRL Director. Subsequent years saw his introduction of personal computers to the scientists and engineers in IBD and then into the rest of BRL.
Dr. Keller's work on muzzle flash served to bring to light the tie between secondary muzzle flash and concomitant muzzle blast, the so-called "secondary blast." He helped solve the flash/blast problem of the British L16A2, 81-mm mortar.
Dr. Keller's work with NOS/IH in their efforts to design a suitable cool stick propellant as a charge replacement for the Navy's HIFRAG projectile led to improved understanding of the large peak chamber pressures which could be produced by the use of stick propellants and an awareness of the increased tube heating, near the origin of rifling, that can be expected if stick propellants are used.
Dr. Keller has shown that we have a real possibility of understanding LOVA propellant ignition by using XNOVAKTC's kinetics options. He has made tank gun simulations which exhibit the same unique response to the oxygen content of the igniter that has been seen in the field.
Dr. Keller worked with Mr. Robert Lieske of the Launch and Flight Division to achieve a standard lumped-parameter interior ballistic model for NATO. The standard model which resulted is STANAG 4367. Dr. Keller's participation included hosting a working group meeting at BRL in March 1987, when a draft document was prepared, and presenting the document to NATO Panel IV/SP.2 in Brussels. Dr. Keller also worked with Mr. Lieske to achieve a standard thermodynamics model for NATO use.
Dr. Keller was the US Focus Officer on Key Technical Area 13 (KTA-13) of the Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP), on "Two-Phase Flow Models in Interior Ballistics." He hosted a meeting of the Focus Officers at BRL on 20-22 September 1989, at which comparative simulations of five standard weapons were planned; these comparisons were, and they were studied at the next KTA meeting. The final report of the this KTA was prepared and published. Dr. Keller and the other TTCP participants were given a TTCP Achievement Award for their work in this area.
During the period April 1987 through September 1992, Dr. Keller's own research centered on adding essential chemistry and physics to the interior ballistics codes used by his team, his branch and by other interior ballisticians. His work to include multi-step, multi-species, multi-scale kinetics included several studies, the organization and chairing of a JANNAF workshop on kinetics, and collaborative work with the I&C Branch. His work to include grain fracture included coordination with the Propellant Mechanical Properties work unit, work with two of the task order contracts to produce two-phase codes which handle grain fracture one part of the whole interior ballistic process. His work to incorporate viscous effects included work with contractors and with colleagues at the Ernst Mach Institut.
Dr. Keller's most important contributions from April 1987 through September 1992 came through his leadership of the Model Development and Application Team of the Applied Ballistics Branch of the IBD. During this period, he organized the response of his team members to requests for outside assistance. He was successful in the hiring of Mr. Paul Conroy, who studied at Penn. State under Prof. Ken Kuo, who already shows great promise in modeling studies and in experimental studies of propellant rheology. Dr. Keller led his team (including contractor) transition from NOS on the Cyber to UNIX on the present workstations and Crays. He worked diligently to add state-of-the-art graphics animation capabilities to his team, and his efforts paid off in the production of graphics animation programs for both the NOVA family and for TDNOVA and in the ability to make videos with modifications of those programs.
For about a year in 1990-1991, Dr. Keller was the interior ballistician for the second Navy investigation of the USS IOWA incident. His calculations showed that if an ignition source were introduced between the first and second powder bag, as the projectile and bags were loaded, and if that igniter functioned before the breech closed, the flow of gases from the igniter toward the cannelure would be of about the right speed, timing, and temperature for igniter particles to be transported into the cannelure before the projectile moved forward, trapping the particles for later analysis. His calculations of the ignition process were used as input conditions for blast analyses by his TBD colleagues. The conclusion of the Navy study was that the USS IOWA incident was not an accident, so naval 16" guns were able to be used in the Gulf war.
Since 1990, Dr. Keller has been funded by AED/ARDEC (S. Westley) to use TDNOVA to model the ignition processes of the modular artillery charge system (MACS), which used to be known as the "Unicharge." Among other results of this work has been the finding that the outside diameter of the MACS case is critical; too large a case blocks the gas flows in the outside ullage and interferes with the ignition process of the forward Unicharges.. Continued financial support is promised through FY97; customer approval of the work led to having flash measurements added to the scope of work starting in FY94.
FY91 - FY93 saw Dr. Keller managing the Thermal Management workpackage for BRL/ARL. During that time, he implemented a three-way MOU, with BRL, ARDEC, and Ft. Sill as signatories. He also pressed the improvement of a heat transfer / heat conduction computer code, the input for which comes from the standard BRL/ARL 1-D interior ballistic codes. During FY93, Dr. Keller distributed the IB codes and the heat transfer code to colleagues at Picatinny and Benet; they have begun to use these codes for their own studies. He hosted a workshop in May 1993 to implement inter-laboratory comparisons of the existing heat transfer and heat conduction codes.
In FY93, Dr. Keller's thermal management work led to a new workpackage on gun tube erosion mechanisms. Dr. Keller directs that effort, coordinating the work with researchers in the Aerodynamics Branch of the PFD. This small effort is directed, during FY94, toward increasing our understanding of chemical erosion. Collaborative efforts with Materials Directorate researchers are being pursued to increase our effectiveness.
Dr. Keller's Jan 92 brief at BRL/Ft. Sill Day concerning the need for thermal management of any fast-firing 155-mm howitzer led to the creation of a thermal management working group for the AFAS (see "Awards" below). Since that time, Dr. Keller has been funded by AFAS to provide thermal management studies in support of the development of the AFAS.
Since 1991, Dr. Keller's team has worked on several problems related to unplanned ignition processes in 120-mm and 105-mm tank guns. The study began with a minimally-funded study (C. Mandala in CCAC) asking whether forward ignition of a 120-mm round could cause more difficulty than a nominally ignited round or even a round which was locally ignited at the breech; the answer is that indeed, local forward ignition, in a round with small propellant grains, in which pressure waves are already favored, could lead to even higher maximum breech pressures than any other form of ignition. This effort has led to a plethora of smaller studies, one of which is funded (E. Fennell in CCAC), related to 120-mm and 105-mm tank gun ignition questions.
When Dr. Keller began making flash measurements, the standard practice was to make all measurements at night and evaluate the flash with a "calibrated eyeball." Dr. Keller introduced the idea of an easy-to-use calibrated photometer for making these measurements. As a result, the measurements can now be made in the daytime. This technique was forgotten by ARDEC; they (P. Hui) are currently (FY94) funding Dr. Keller to re-introduce it at Picatinny.
During the summer of 1994, Dr. Keller is working with other ARL colleagues and with Custom Analytical Engineering Systems, Inc. (A. Alexander) for the Navy at Dahlgren (R. Hubbard) on "Firebox," a ship-defense system. Dr. Keller is providing interior ballistic calculations and predictions of the tube heating for this innovative project, which uses a composite gun tube.
b. Publications
The contributions that Dr. Keller made to publications with multiple authors are estimated as percentages of the total effort in the contribution code which follows each such publication: Planning of Work / Design and Construction / Collection of Results and Analysis / Reporting Results. An X is entered for areas of effort which are not applicable.
(1) Government Publications
G. E. Keller, D. W. Martin, and E. W. McDaniel, "Low Field Drift Velocity Measurements on Mass-Identified Ions in Nitrogen," Georgia Institute of Technology Report No 1, USAF Office of Scientific Research, Contract AF49(638)1392, (1965). 10/70/100/90.
George E. Keller, "Use of Ionic Mobilities for Measurements in the Lower Ionosphere," BRL Report 1398, May 68.
G. E. Keller, M. R. Sullivan, and M. D. Kregel, "Use of Woo and Whealton's Transport Model for Converting Charged Species in Drift Tubes," BRL Memorandum Report 2021, Feb 70. 80/X/10/80.
G. E. Keller and R. A. Beyer, "CO2 Clustering to K+," BRL Report No. 1528, Feb 71. 80/80/60/70.
F. E. Niles, J. M. Heimerl, G. E. Keller, and L. J. Puckett, "Summary and Applications of Cluster Ion Reactions Measured at the Ballistic Research Laboratories," BRL Memorandum Report 2127, Sep 71. 30/40/40/10.
J. M. Heimerl, J. A. Vanderhoff, L. J. Puckett, and F. E. Niles, "Association, Switching, and Rearrangement for Positively Charged Cluster Ions in the Upper Atmosphere. II. Application at 80 km.," BRL Report 1605, Aug 72. 10/10/20/10.
G. E. Keller, M. R. Sullivan, L. M. Colonna-Romano, and M. D. Kregel, "Numerical Model for Drift Tube Analysis," BRL Report No. 1617 (AD 907 581), Oct 72. 50/X/10/60.
G. E. Keller, R. A. Beyer, and L. M. Colonna-Romano, "The Clustering of Ar to Li+ and a Comparison of Drift Tube Models," BRL Report No. 1691, Dec 73 (AD 773 668). 90/60/20/70.
G. E. Keller, "The Effect of Package Charging on the Sampling of Stratospheric Ions," BRL IMR No. 192, Mar 74.
G. E. Keller, "COSMEP Flight with Mass Spectrometer Package," BRL IMR No. 324, Dec 74.
G. E. Keller, "COSMEP III Balloon Flight with Mass Spectrometer Package," BRL IMR No. 424, Aug 75.
G. E. Keller, "Third Balloon Flight of Positive Ion/Neutral Molecule Mass Spectrometer Package," BRL IMR No. 442, Oct 75.
I. R. Gatland, L. M. Colonna-Romano, and G. E. Keller, "Single and Double Clustering of Nitrogen to Li+", BRL Report No. 1858, Feb 76. AD A021 522. 80/50/20/20
L. M. Colonna-Romano and G. E. Keller, "The Clustering of O2 and He to Li+," BRL Report No. 1882, May 76. AD A025 762. 80/50/20/20
G. E. Keller, "Final Report on Balloon-Borne, Mass Spectrometer Package for Studying Stratospheric Positive Ions and Neutral Molecules," BRL Report No. 1491, Oct 76. AD A032 240. 80/10/50/100
N. Klein and G. E. Keller, "Propellant Combustion Diagnostics," ARBRL-MR- 02952, Sep 79. AD A076 170. 50/X/50/50
D. R. Crosley, R. A. Fifer, and G. E. Keller, "The ARO Working Group Meeting on Ignition Processes, June 1978", ARBRL-MR-03005, Mar 80. AD A085 018. 10/X/20/40
G. E. Keller, "Secondary Muzzle Flash and Blast of the British 81-mm, L16A2, Mortar," ARBRL-MR-03117, Jul 81. AD A104 324.
G. E. Keller, "The Effect of Propellant Composition on Secondary Muzzle Blast Overpressure," ARBRL-MR-03260, Apr 83. AD A127 227.
G. E. Keller, "An Evaluation of Muzzle Flash Prediction Models," ARBRL-MR- 03318, Nov 83. AD A135 788.
G. E. Keller, "The Competition Between Tube Heating and Muzzle Velocity in Stick Propellant Gun Charges," ARBRL-MR-03361, Jul 84.
G. E. Keller, "A MEFF User's Guide," ARBRL-MR-03362, Jul 84. AD A144 715.
J. M. Heimerl, G. E. Keller, and G. Klingenberg, "Muzzle Flash Kinetics and Modelling," EMI Report No. 10, Jan 85, Ernst-Mach-Institut, Abteilung fur Ballistik, Weil am Rhein, West Germany. 50/X/50/40
J. M. Heimerl and G. E. Keller, "Kinetics Networks and MEFF-Code Predictions -- A Progress Report," included in Proceedings of the Workshop on the Chemical Suppression of Rocket Afterburning and of Gun Muzzle Flash, Ballistic Research Laboratory, Special Publication BRL-SP-65, Mar 87, J. M. Heimerl, editor. 50/X/50/50
G. E. Keller and A. W. Horst, "A Two-Phase Flow Simulation of LOVA Propellant Interior Ballistic Behavior Using the XNOVAK Code," BRL TR 2796, Apr 87. 40/X/60/60.
F. W. Robbins and G. E. Keller, "Studies Supporting Development of a Modified Gradient Equation for Lumped-Parameter Interior Ballistic Codes," BRL MR 3678, Jul 88. 5/X/0/75.
G. E. Keller, "Report on JANNAF Workshop 'Influence of Gas-Phase Chemical Kinetics on Low-Pressure Ignition and Flamespreading in Solid Propellant,'" BRL TR 2918, Jul 88.
G. E. Keller and A. W. Horst, "The Effects of Propellant Grain Fracture on the Interior Ballistics of Guns," BRL MR 3766, Jun 89. 50/X/75/75.
A. W. Horst, G. E. Keller, and P. S. Gough, "New Directions in Multiphase Flow Interior Ballistic Modeling," BRL Technical Report BRL-TR-3102, May 90. 40/X/50/20.
G.E. Keller, R. D. Anderson, and A.W. Horst, XKTC Simulation of 105-mm XM900E1 Cartridge, BRL-TR-3266, Sept 91. 40/X/60/90.
G.E. Keller, P.J. Conroy, and A.W. Horst, "Interior Ballistics Modeling," a chapter in the Naval Sea Systems Command Review of the USS IOWA, Sept 91 (names of authors not listed in the report). 70/X/80/80.
An Interior Ballistic Description of the 16-Inch/50-Caliber (16"/50) Naval Gun, G.E. Keller, and P.J. Conroy, BRL-MR-3995, Sept 92. 90/X/50/90.
G.E. Keller, R.D. Anderson, and P.J. Conroy, "An Interior Ballistic Model Simulation of Unicharge Ignition," BRL-TR-3411, Sept 92. 90/X/50/70.
G.E. Keller, A.W. Horst, P.J. Conroy, and T.P. Coffee, "The Influence of Propulsion Technique and Firing Rate on Thermal Management Problems in Large-Caliber Guns," ARL-TR-130, May 93. 50/X/50/50.
G.E. Keller, R.D. Anderson, and A.W. Horst, "The Influence of Ignition Stimulus on the Interior Ballistic Performance of High-Performance Tank Gun Ammunition," ARL-TR-292, Oct 93. 70/X/50/90.
T.P. Coffee, G.E. Keller, and G.P. Wren, "A Comparison Between Solid Propellant and Liquid Propellant Gun Performance," ARL-TR-312, Dec 93. 20/X/40/20.
G.E. Keller, "The M829A1 120-mm Tank Cartridge -- A Very Safe Round," ARL-TR-400, May 94.
J.P. Conroy, T.P. Coffee, and G.E. Keller, "Chamber Heating of the AFAS Cannon," ARL-MR-179, Sep 1994. 80/X/30/70.
G.E. Keller, P.J. Conroy, T.P. Coffee, and J.T. Barnes, "Liquid Propellant (LP) Cookoff Considerations for the Advanced Field Artillery System (AFAS) Cannon, ARL-TR-799, Jul 1995. 80/20/50/80.
(2) Open Literature Publications
(a) Journals
G. E. Keller, D. W. Martin, and E. W. McDaniel, "General Considerations Concerning Apparent Mobilities in Mixed Ion Populations: Drift Velocities of Mass-Identified N+, N2+, N3+, and N4+ Ions in Nitrogen," Phys. Rev. 140, A1535 (1965). 10/90/100/80
George E. Keller, "Use of Ionic Mobilities for Measurements in the Lower Ionosphere," J. Geophys. Res. 73, 3483 (1968).
G. E. Keller and M. D. Kregel, "Visual Detection of Leaks in Vacuum Systems," The Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology 6, 871 (1969). 50/50/50/90
G. E. Keller, M. R. Sullivan, and M. D. Kregel, "Transport Model for Converting Charged Species in Drift Tubes," Phys. Rev. A 1, 1556 (1970). 50/X/10/60
G. E. Keller and R. A. Beyer, "CO2 and O2 Clustering to Sodium Ions," J. Geophys. Res. 76, 289 (1971). 80/70/40/70
G. E. Keller and F. E. Niles, "Labile Clustering and Its Effects," Chem. Phys. Let. 10, 526 (1971). 90/90/50/90
F. E. Niles, J. M. Heimerl, G. E. Keller, and L. J. Puckett, "Reactions Involving Cluster Ions," Rad. Sci. 7, 117 (1972). 40/40/40/10
G. E. Keller, R. A. Beyer, and L. M. Colonna-Romano, "The Clustering of Ar to Li+ and a Comparison of Drift Tube Models," Phys. Rev. A, Third Series, 8, 1446 (1973). 90/60/20/70
I. R. Gatland, L. M. Colonna-Romano, and G. E. Keller, "Single and Double Clustering of Nitrogen to Li+, Phys. Rev. A 12, 1885 (1975). 90/60/20/20
L. M. Colonna-Romano and G. E. Keller, "The Clustering of O2 and He to Li+," J. Chem Phys. 64, 2684 (1976). 90/60/10/20
J. R. Olson, R. C. Amme, J. N. Brooks, D. G. Murcray, D. A. Steffen, R. E. Sturm, P. R. Williamson, and G. E. Keller, "Balloon-Borne Ion Sampling Package," Rev. Sci. Instrum., 49, 643-649, (1978). 90/20/20/20
G.E. Keller and A.W. Horst, "A Two-Phase Flow Simulation of LOVA Propellant Interior Ballistic Behavior Using the XNOVAK Code," Journal of Ballistics, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 2577-2608, undated journal received 25 Sep 90. 40/X/60/60.
(b) Abstracts Published in Journals
D. W. Martin, W. S. Barnes, G. E. Keller, D. S. Harmer, and E. W. McDaniel, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Ionization Phenomena in Gases, (SERMA, Paris, 1963), Vol I, p. 295.
E. W. McDaniel, G. E. Keller, D. L. Albritton, T. M. Miller, and D. W. Martin, "Studies of Ionic Drift Velocities and Ion-Molecule Reactions in a Drift-Tube Mass Spectrometer," in the Abstracts of Papers presented at the IV International Conference on the Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions, Science Bookcrafters, Inc., Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, 1965.
G. E. Keller and R. A. Beyer, "Drift Tube Studies of Carbon Dioxide Clustering to Potassium and Sodium Ions," Bulletin of the American Physical Society 16, 214 (1971).
R. A. Beyer and G. E. Keller, "The Clustering of Atmospheric Gases to Alkali Ions," Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 52, 303 (1971).
G. E. Keller and F. E. Niles, "Importance of Weak Clustering of Atmospheric Gases to Ions," Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 52, 303 (1971).
G. E. Keller and L. M. Romano, "Clustering of N2 to Li+, "Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 17, 392 (1972).
G. E. Keller, "Cluster Ion Studies," Proceedings of the International Workshop on Nucleation Theory and Its Applications, Clark College, 10-12 Apr 72, p. 180.
F. E. Niles, J. M. Heimerl, G. E. Keller, "Cluster, Switch, and Rearrangement Reactions for Positive Ions in the D Region," Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 53, 456 (1972).
L. Colonna-Romano and G. Keller, "Simple Method of Estimating the Rates of Formation of Singly-Charged, Metallic Positive Cluster Ions," DNA-sponsored Second Conference on Applications of Chemistry to Nuclear Weapons Effects, 12-14 Sep 72.
G. E. Keller and L. M. Colonna-Romano, "Clustering of Ar to Li+ as a Function of E/N," Bulletin of the American Physical Society 18, 804 (1973).
G. E. Keller and L. M. Colonna-Romano, "Difficulties in Analyzing Ion Mobility Data," Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 54, 280 (1973).
J. R. Olson, R. C. Amme, G. E. Keller, D. G. Murcray, J. N. Brooks, and P. R. Williamson, "A Balloon-Borne Mass Spectrometer Package for the Study of Stratospheric Composition," Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 20, 427 (1975).
J. R. Olson, R. C. Amme, J. N. Brooks, D. G. Murcray, and G. E. Keller, "An Attempt to Measure Positive Ion Concentrations in the Stratosphere With a Balloon-Borne Mass Spectrometer," Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 57, 302 (1976). Invited
G. E. Keller, J. R. Olson, R. C. Amme, J. N. Brooks, and D. G. Murcray, "Flight of a Clean Balloon-Borne Stratospheric Mass Spectrometer Package," Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 57, 302 (1976). Invited
J. R. Olson, R. C. Amme, J. N. Brooks, D. G. Murcray, and G. E. Keller, "Stratospheric Flight of a Positive-Ion Mass Filter Package," Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 58, 1201 (1977).
(3) Other Publications
N. Klein and G. E. Keller, "Gun Propellant Combustion at Elevated Pressures," CPIA Pub. 297, Proceedings of the 15th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Vol. I, pp 525-536, Feb 79. 50/X/50/50
G. E. Keller and E. M. Schmidt, "Gun Muzzle Gas Temperature Measurements using Acoustic Thermometry - A Progress Report," CPIA Pub. 329, Proceedings of the 17th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Vol. II, pp 141-151, Nov 80. 80/80/90/90
R. W. Deas, G. E. Keller, and J. J. Rocchio, "The Interior Ballistic Performance of Low Vulnerability Ammunition (LOVA)," CPIA Pub. 340, Proceedings of the 1981 JANNAF Propulsion Meeting, Vol. III, pp 437-477, May 81. 10/10/10/10
K. S. Fansler and G. E. Keller, "Variation of Free-Field Muzzle Blast with Propellant Type," Sixth International Symposium on Ballistics, Oct 81. 20/40/10/10
G. E. Keller and R. W. Deas, "Several Factors Affecting Secondary Muzzle Flash," CPIA Pub. 347, Proceedings of the 18th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Vol. II, pp 75-81, Oct 81. 80/80/80/80
G. E. Keller, "The Effect of Propellant Composition on Secondary Muzzle Blast Overpressure," Proceedings of the TTCP-Sponsored Weapon System Blast Overpressure Workshop, 25-26 May 82.
G. E. Keller, "An Evaluation of Muzzle Flash Prediction Models," CPIA Pub. 366, Proceedings of the 19th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Vol. I, pp 491-497, Oct 82.
G. E. Keller, "The Competition between Tube Heating and Muzzle Velocity in Stick Propellant Gun Charges," CPIA Pub. 383, Proceedings of the 20th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Vol. I, pp 387-391, Oct 83.
J. M. Heimerl and G. E. Keller, "An Advanced Suppression Mechanism Scheme for Flame/Flash Suppression by Alkali Salts," CPIA Pub. 412, Proceedings of the 21st JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Vol II, pp 477-490, Oct 84. 40/X/40/40.
K. D. Fickie and G. E. Keller, "An Investigation of Kinetics in Solid Propellant Ignition," CPIA Pub. 412, Proceedings of the 21st JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Vol. II, pp 463-476, Oct 84. 60/X/60/60.
G. E. Keller, A. W. Horst, and P. S. Gough, "Appropriate Combustion Models in Two-Phase Flow Interior Ballistic Codes," Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of TTCP WTP-4, Defence Research Establishment Valcartier, Quebec, Canada, 30 Sep - 4 Oct 85. 40/X/60/60
G. E. Keller, A. W. Horst, and P. S. Gough, "A Study of Ignition Dynamics for a LOVA-Type Propellant Using XNOVAK," CPIA Pub. 432, Proceedings of the 22nd JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Vol. II, pp 365-375, Oct 85. 40/X/60/60
T. C. Minor, G. E. Keller, and G. Klingenberg, "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Selected Two-Phase Flow Parameters in the 20- mm Gun," CPIA Pub. 432, Proceedings of the 22nd JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Vol. II, pp 399-410, Oct 85. 40/X/40/50
A. W. Horst, G. E. Keller, and P. S. Gough, "A Two-Phase Flow Simulation of LOVA Propellant Interior Ballistic Behavior Using the XNOVAK Code," Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Ballistics, 29 Apr - 1 May 86. 40/X/60/60
G. E. Keller, "Interior Ballistic Simulations of Advanced Tank Round Ammunition Using XNOVAKTC," CPIA Pub. 457, Vol. II, pp 151-163, Proceedings of the 23rd JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Oct 86.
G. E. Keller, "Report on JANNAF Workshop 'Influence of Gas-Phase Chemical Kinetics on the Low-Pressure Ignition and Flamespreading in Solid Propellant'," CPIA Pub. 476, Vol. III, pp 215-222, Proceedings of the 24th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Oct 87.
G. E. Keller, "A Proposed Standard Format for the Exchange of Interior Ballistic Data," CPIA Pub. 480, Vol. IV, pp 301-310, Proceedings of the 1987 JANNAF Propulsion Meeting, Dec 87.
J. M. Heimerl, G. E. Keller and G. Klingenberg, "Muzzle Flash Kinetics and Modelling," chapter of Gun Propulsion Technology, AIAA Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, book editor Ludwig Stiefel, series editor M. Summerfield, Volume 109, 1988. 50/X/50/30.
G. E. Keller, A. W. Horst, and P. S. Gough, "The Effects of Propellant Grain Fracture on the Interior Ballistics of Guns," CPIA Pub. 498, Vol. IV, pp 479-490, Proceedings of the 25th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Oct 88. 50/X/50/80.
A. W. Horst, G. E. Keller, and P. S. Gough, "New Directions in Multiphase Flow Interior Ballistic Modeling," Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Ballistics, Vol. 1, pp 47-56. Symposium in Brussels, Belgium, 9-11 May 89. 40/X/40/40.
G.E. Keller, A.W. Horst, and P.S. Gough, "The Effects of Viscosity on Interior Ballistics," CPIA Publication 529, Volume III, pp 61-79, Oct 89. 40/X/40/80.
G.E. Keller, P.J. Conroy, and A.W. Horst, Interior Ballistic Modeling of the Unicharge," CPIA Publication 557, volume II, pp 37-56, Nov 90. 90/X/50/70.
G.E. Keller and P.S. Gough, "Applications of the VTDNOVA Interior Ballistic Code," CPIA Publication 573, Volume III, pp 249-266, Oct 91. 50/X/80/90.
G. E. Keller, A.W. Horst, P.J. Conroy, G.P. Wren, T. P. Coffee and S. Chandra, "The Influence of Propulsion Technique and Firing Rate on Thermal Management Problems in Large-Caliber Guns," CPIA Pub. No. 573, Vol. III, pp. 227-235,
Oct 91. 20/X/50/60.
G.E. Keller and P.J. Conroy, "An Interior Ballistic Model Simulation of Unicharge Ignition," CPIA Pub. No. 580, Vol. III, pp 361-374, Feb 92. 90/X/50/90.
A.W. Horst, G. E. Keller, P.J. Conroy, and T. P. Coffee, "The Influence of Propulsion Technique and Firing Rate on Thermal Management Problems in Large-Caliber Guns, Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Ballistics, Stockholm, Sweden, 1-3 June, 1992, pp 137-147. 20/X/40/70.
R.D. Anderson, G.E. Keller, F.W. Robbins, and A.W. Horst, "The Influence of Ignition Stimulus on Interior Ballistic Simulations of High-Performance Tank Gun Ammunition," CPIA Pub. No. 593, Vol. III, pp 9-29, Oct 92. 50/X/20/40.
A.E. Wildegger-Gaissmaier and G.E. Keller, "Investigation of Axial and Radial Discharge of Ignition Products in a Gun Charge," Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Ballistics, Vol. I, pp 231-240, Sep 93. 50/0/50/50.
P.J. Conroy, T.P. Coffee, G.E. Keller, and J.T. Barnes, Chamber Heating of the AFAS Cannon, CPIA Pub. No. 620, Vol. III, pp 265-274, Oct 94.
R.D. Anderson, G.E. Keller and L.L. Chang, "Ignition Mechanisms for Modular Artillery Charge Systems," CPIA Pub. No. 631, Vol III, pp 411-421, Oct 95.
A.W. Williams, G.E. Keller, P. Y. Hui, R. Cirincione, and R. Garufi, "Muzzle Flash Measurement of XM230 [Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS)], M203, and M203A1 Charges, CPIA Pub. No. 631, Vol III, pp 423-435, Oct 95.
R.D. Anderson, G.E. Keller, and L.L. Chang, "Modular Artillery Charge System Interior Ballistic Concepts – Analysis and Validation," CPIA Pub No. 653, Vol III, pp 409-420, Nov 96.
c. Patents and/or Inventions: None.
d. Accepted ILIR Proposal: Task 38, FY78, "Combustion Diagnostics."
6. RECOGNITION AND PROFESSIONAL STATURE:
a. Presentations to/appearances before professional groups:
(1) Government Groups:
(a) Intra- and Inter-Laboratory, "Local"
G. E. Keller, "Thoughts and Afterthoughts on Ionic Mobilities," BRL Colloquium, 23 Jan 68.
G. E. Keller, "Several Factors Affecting Secondary Muzzle Flash," IBD Colloquium, to personnel from several BRL Divisions, at BRL, 25 Jun 81.
G. E. Keller, "Several Factors Affecting Secondary Muzzle Flash," to the professional staff of the Propulsion Technology Branch, LCWSL, Dover Site, NJ, 9 Jul 81.
G. E. Keller, "Status Report on Muzzle Flash," IBD Colloquium, at BRL, 2 May 86.
G. E. Keller, "Getting Serious about UNIX," seminar for ABB, Nov 87. By invitation also to the ABCB, Feb 88.
Briefed Propulsion Physics Work Package (7002) to Dr. Murphy, Supercomputer Thrust Manager, and others, as a part of the Supercomputer Thrust Briefings, Aug 88.
Briefed Propulsion Physics Work Package (7002) to Dr. May, Direct Fire Thrust Manager, and others, as a part of the Direct Fire Thrust Briefings, Oct 88.
Briefed Propulsion Physics Work Package (7002) to Dr. Murphy, Supercomputer Thrust Manager, and others, as a part of the Supercomputer Thrust Briefings, Mar 90.
Briefed Propulsion Physics Work Package, to IBD Planning Meeting, Applied Ballistics Branch, 7 March 1990.
Briefed Propulsion Physics Work Package (7002) to Dr. May, Direct Fire Thrust Manager, and others, as a part of the Direct Fire Thrust Briefings, 22 Mar 90.
Briefed "Interior Ballistic Modeling of the Unicharge" at Topical Symposium on BRL Support to Artillery Systems, at BRL, 25 Oct 90.
Briefed Thermal Management Work Package, IBD Review, 20 Feb 91
Propulsion Physics workpackage, briefed to IBD Planning Meeting, Applied Ballistics Branch, 7 March 1990.
Briefed Thermal Management Work Package, ABB Review by Director, BRL, 31 May 91.
Review of trip to Benet and the briefings and coordination effected there, to ABB meeting, 4 Dec 91.
Prepared to brief "AFAS Chamber Heating" to Director, ARL, 12 Sept 94. meeting ran long; briefing canceled; gave Director printed version of viewgraphs and two-page white paper.
Briefed Propulsion Branch and "Advanced Solid Propulsion" workpackage to Chief, Propulsion and Flight Division at the PFD Fall Review, 2 Dec 94.
Briefed "Advanced Solid Propulsion" workpackage to WTD planning meeting, at Baltimore, 16 Feb 95.
Briefed "Advanced Solid Propulsion" workpackage to Director, WTD, ARL, on 13 Apr 95.
(b) Major Command/Agency/Interagency, "National"
Briefing of the Aeronomy Program to ODDR&E, 17 Apr 73, as part of the FY74 Apportionment Review for the Technology Base - Physical and Mathematical Sciences, at the Pentagon.
Briefing of the Chemical Physics Program to the Government Coordination Group on Instrumentation Development and Application to Combustion Studies, Gaithersburg, MD, 29 Jan 76.
Briefing of the Chemical Physics Program to the Government Coordination Group on Instrumentation Development and Application to Combustion Studies, Washington, DC, 10 Feb 77.
Briefing of the Chemical Physics Program to ARO 6.1 Research Review Panel at Ballistic Research Laboratory, at BRL, 11 Jan 78.
Briefing of the Chemical Physics Program to the Government Coordination Group on Instrumentation Development and Application to Combustion Studies, W. Lafayette, IN, 2 Jun 78.
G. E. Keller, "The Ballistic Research Laboratory,", The Middle Forge Chapter of the Association of the US Army, Dover, NJ, 19 Apr 79.
Briefing of Muzzle Flash/Blast Program to ARO reviewers, at BRL, 6 Nov 79.
G. E. Keller, "Muzzle Flash of British L16A2 Mortar," at LCWSL to Cmdr/Dir, LCWSL, 5 May 80.
G. E. Keller and E. M. Schmidt, "Gun Muzzle Blast Temperature Measurements using Acoustic Thermometry," 17th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, Sep 80.
G. E. Keller and R. W. Deas, "Several Factors Affecting Secondary Muzzle Flash," 18th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, Oct 81.
G. E. Keller, "The Effect of Propellant Composition on Secondary Muzzle Blast Overpressure," TTCP-Sponsored Weapon System Blast Overpressure Workshop, Dover, NJ, May 82.
G. E. Keller, "An Evaluation of Muzzle Flash Prediction Models," 19th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Greenbelt, MD, Oct 82.
G. E. Keller, "The Competition between Tube Heating and Muzzle Velocity in Stick Propellant Gun Charges," 20th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Monterey, CA, Oct 83.
G. E. Keller, "Interior Ballistics" and "Sabot Technology," Combat Development Center, Ft. Knox, KY, 17 Feb 84.
G. E. Keller, A. W. Horst, and P. S. Gough, "A Study of Ignition Dynamics for a LOVA-Type Propellant Using XNOVAK," 22nd JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Pasadena, CA, Oct 85.
Briefing of the I.B. Model Development program to Prof. M.A.C. Mellor and Dr. David Mann from Army Research Office, 12 Dec 85.
Chaired second day of Workshop on the Chemical Suppression of Rocket Afterburning and of Gun Muzzle Flash, BRL, APG, MD, 11 and 12 Jun 86.
G. E. Keller, "Application of XNOVAKTC to the Modeling of Tank Gun Charges with LOVA Propellants," JANNAF Panel on Ignitability Properties of LOVA Gun Propellants, NOS-IH, MD, 12 Aug 86.
G. E. Keller, "Interior Ballistic Simulations of Advanced Tank Gun Ammunition Using XNOVAKTC," presented at the 23rd JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Hampton, VA, Oct 86.
Organized and chaired workshop "Influence of Gas-Phase Chemical Kinetics on Low-Pressure Ignition and Flamespreading in Solid Propellants" in conjunction with the 23rd JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Hampton, VA, Oct 86. Presented own work and work of Tom Minor, who was unable to attend the workshop.
G. E. Keller, "Incorporation of Finite Rate Kinetics into Interior Ballistic Models," presented at the 13th Meeting of TTCP Panel W4, NOS, Indian Head, MD, 10 Sep 87.
G. E. Keller, "Report on JANNAF Workshop 'Influence of Gas-Phase Chemical Kinetics on the Low-Pressure Ignition and Flamespreading in Solid Propellant'," presented at the 24th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Oct 87.
G. E. Keller, "A Proposed Standard Format for the Exchange of Interior Ballistic Data," presented at the 1987 JANNAF Propulsion Meeting, San Diego, CA, Dec 87.
G. E. Keller, "Modeling Implications of LOVA Ignition Peculiarities," JANNAF Workshop, "Ignition of Low Sensitivity Gun Propellant Charges,", The Pennsylvania State University, 12 Apr 88.
G. E. Keller, "The Effects of Propellant Grain Fracture on the Interior Ballistics of Guns," presented at the 1988 JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Huntsville, AL, Oct 88.
G. E. Keller, "The Effects of Viscosity on Interior Ballistics," presented at the 1989 JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Pasadena, CA, Oct 89.
Briefed Interior Ballistic Modeling to many visitors, including MG Harrison, Commander, LABCOM, at the LABCOM Technology Symposium, 5-7 Jun 89 at BRL.
Briefed Interior Ballistic Modeling to Dr. Iafrate (and Drs. May, Puckett, and Frasier), new Director of ARO, Jan 90, at BRL.
Briefed Supercomputer use for Interior Ballistic Modeling to Mr. Anthony Valletta, Program Executive Officer, Standard Management Information Systems (STAMIS), Mar 90, at BRL.
"Unicharge Modeling with VTDNOVA," to the Unicharge Team at ARDEC, 9 May 90. Briefings also by P.J. Conroy and A.W. Horst.
"The Effects of Viscosity and Turbulence on Interior Ballistics," "Next Generation Interior Ballistic Model" for ARO review of BRL programs, 18 May 90.
"Thermal Management" for BRL/ARDEC/Ft. Sill Day at BRL, 9 Aug 90.
"Interior Ballistic Modeling," to the AMC Technology Symposium at APG, several times a day, 26 Sept- 4 Oct 90.
"16"/50 Modeling with TDNOVA," visit with members of the IOWA investigation team, at BRL, 18 Oct 90.
"Interior Ballistic Modeling of the Unicharge," 26th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, F.E. Warren AFB, 5 Nov 90.
"Interior Ballistic Modeling of the Unicharge," 4th Solid Propellant Quarterly Review, at ARDEC, 14 Nov 90
"Unicharge Modeling," briefing to Mr. William Andahazy, House Armed Services Subcommittee, at BRL, 14 Jan 91.
"Extended-Range Trade Off Options," Extended Range Cannon Briefing for Commandant, USAFAS, Ft. Sill, at Ft. Sill, 3 May 91.
"Extended-Range Trade Off Options," Solid Propellant Quarterly Review at ARDEC, 15 May 91.
"Interior Ballistic Modeling Work Unit," ARO Review 16 May 91.
"Interior Ballistic Modeling," USS IOWA Review Meeting at NRL, 24 May 91.
"Thermal Management Work Package," BRL/ARDEC Gun Propulsion Review, 6 June 91.
Prepared and briefed "Interior Ballistic Modeling of Naval 16"/50 Gun" at:
3 July 91 review of IOWA at BRL (attendees included Dir, BRL; Dir, Sandia; 4 admirals; several Naval lawyers; etc.)
29 July 91 IOWA brief for VADM Malley
13 Aug 91 IOWA flag review at NRL
22 Aug 91 IOWA brief for IOWA staff of CNO
Prepared "Interior Ballistic Modeling of Naval 16"/50 Gun" for presentation by A. Mark at:
21 Aug 91 IOWA brief for CNO
25 Sept 91 IOWA brief for CNO
"Applications of the VTDNOVA Interior Ballistic Code," presentation to the 27th JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting, Brooks Air Force Base, Oct 91.
"Heat Transfer to Gun Tubes," at Benet Laboratories, Watervliet, NY on 2 Dec 91.
"Extended Range Trade Off Options," and "The Influence of Propulsion Technique and Firing Rate on Thermal Management Problems in Large-Caliber Guns," BRL/ARDEC/Ft. Sill Day on 14 Jan 92 at Artillery School, Ft. Sill.
"An Interior Ballistic Model Simulation of Unicharge Ignition," to Solid Propellant Quarterly Review, 12 Feb 92.
"The Influence of Propulsion Technique and Firing Rate on Thermal Management Problems in Large-Caliber Guns," AFAS Thermal Management IPR, 12 Feb 92.
"An Interior Ballistic Model Simulation of Unicharge Ignition," presentation to the 1992 JANNAF Propulsion Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, 24 Feb 92.
"The Next-Generation Interior Ballistic Model, and "Visualizing Unicharge Physics," ARO Review at the BRL, 5 May 92.
"Heat Transfer / Thermal Management," and "Gun Tube Erosion Mechanisms," to ARDEC/BRL Gun Propulsion Meeting, Strasburg Inn, PA, 21 May 92.
"Calculation of the LP Reservoir Surface Temperature" brief to AFAS TM IPR2 at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 11 June 92.
"Thermal Management for the AFAS," brief to COL D. A. Napoliello, PM-AFAS, 16 Oct 92 at ARL.
"Status of XM230 Unicharge Ignition Modeling," brief to 13th Solid Propellant Quarterly, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 2 Nov 92.
"Thermal Management for the AFAS," brief to AFAS Armament Thermal Management IPR #3, at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 12 Nov 92.
"Status, Unicharge Interior Ballistic Modeling," brief to Unicharge Quarterly, at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 18 Feb 93.
"AFAS Erosion Concerns," brief to AFAS Thermal Management IPR, at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 24 Feb 93.
"Thermal Management/Gun Tube Erosion," brief for ARL-Ft. Sill Day (included MG Marty, Commandant, USAFAS; Mr. Vitali, ARL; Dr. Frasier, ARL; etc.) at WTD/ARL/APG, 2 April 93.
"Gun Tube Erosion," brief to ARL/ARDEC Program Review, at White Haven, PA, 10 June 93.
"Interior Ballistic Modeling of 120-mm Ammunition," brief to ARL Technical Advisory Board (TAB), at WTD, on 15 Sept 93.
"Artillery Thermal Management," brief to ARL/Ft. Sill Day (included MG Dubia, Dr. Frasier, Mr. Spinelli, etc.) at WTD/ARL/APG, 16 Nov 93.
"AFAS Thermal Management," brief to AFAS Quarterly Review, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 14 Dec 93.
"AFAS Chamber Heating," brief to AFAS Thermal Management IPR, at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 29 March 94.
"AFAS Chamber Heating," brief to AFAS Quarterly Review, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 30 March 94.
"Hot Zone 5 Unicharge at Maximum Standoff -- Computer Modeling Results and Interpretation," Unicharge Design Review, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 26 May 94.
Briefed Erosion Mechanisms work unit and Unicharge Ignition Modeling to ARDEC/ARL Gun Propulsion Review, White Haven, PA, 7-9 June 94.
"Artillery Thermal Management," brief to ARL/Ft. Sill Day (included MG Dubia, Dr. Lyons, Dr. Frasier, Dr. May, etc.) at USA Field Artillery School, Ft. Sill, OK, 21 July 94.
"AFAS Chamber Heating," brief to AFAS Quarterly Review, at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 16 August 94.
"Chamber Heating of the AFAS Cannon," to 31st JANNAF Combustion Meeting at Sunnyvale, CA, 7 October 94.
"Modeling Unicharge Ignition" and "Flash Measurements" to Unicharge Quarterly Review, at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 12 October 94.
"Decoppering," and "MACS Flash Measurements" to MACS Quarterly Review, at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 28 March 95.
"Advanced Solid Propulsion" workpackage brief to ARDEC/ARL Gun Propulsion Review, Pocono Manor, PA, 6 Jun 95.
"Modeling MACS Ignition Processes" to MACS Quarterly Review, at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 15 Aug 95.
Invited brief, "Thermal Management of Fast-Firing, Large-Caliber Cannons," for the technical staff of the Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 20 Sep 95.
"Thermal Management of Fast-Firing, Large-Caliber Cannons," for the Army Science Board, at ARL, 5 Oct 95.
Session chair, "Layered Gun Propellants / Ram Accelerators," Session CS-1C, 32nd JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting, Huntsville, AL, 23 Oct 95.
"Ignition Mechanisms for Modular Artillery Charge Systems," in Session CS-1G, 32nd JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting, Huntsville, AL, 23 Oct 95.
Session chair (substituting for Albert W. Horst), "Gun Interior-Ballistic Modeling," Session CS-4I, 32nd JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting, Huntsville, AL, 26 Oct 95.
Chair of Town Meeting -- Guns, at 32nd JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting, Huntsville, AL, 26 Oct 95.
"Thermal Management of Fast-Firing, Large-Caliber Cannons," for new CDC personnel from Ft. Still, at APG, 1 Nov 95.
Session chair (substituting for John D. Knapton), "Liquid Propellant Guns, " Session 1T, 1195 JANNAF Propulsion and Subcommittee Joint Meeting, Tampa, FL., 4 Dec 95.
"Muzzle Flash Measurements of XM230, M203, and M203A1 Charges," JANNAF Propulsion and Subcommittee Joint Meeting, Tampa, FL., 6 Dec 95.
"Modeling MACS Ignition Processes, JANNAF Propulsion and Subcommittee Joint Meeting, Tampa, FL., 6 Dec 95.
"Modeling MACS Ignition Processes", for Walt Squire, DDRE staff, at Picatinny, 20 Mar 96.
"KE Propulsion Technology," for new PM-TMAS, at APG, 23 May 96.
"Thermal Management and Erosion," for ARL/Ft. Sill Day, for BG Lennox, Dr. May, Mr. Johnson, and many others, 17 June 96.
"Modeling MACS Ignition Processes," for Lawrence J. McConnell, IPR Chair, MACS, at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 26 June 96.
"Reducing temperature sensitivity using microwave heating," "Reducing temperature sensitivity using ETC," Secondary muzzle flash and blast," and "Gun tube erosion modeling," at United Defense Limited Partnership, 29 Oct 96.
"Modular Artillery Charge System Interior Ballistic Concepts – Analysis and Validation," for R.D. Anderson, JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting, Monterey, CA, 4 Nov 96.
Session chair, "Modeling Gun Barrel Wear, Blast, and Flash," Session CS-2H, 33rd JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting, Monterey, CA, 5 Nov 96.
"Advanced Solid Propulsion Workpackage," to TPA Review, at APG, 3 Dec 96.
"Modeling MACS Ignition Mechanisms," for MACS Quarterly Review at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 11 Feb 97.
(c) International Government Groups
G. E. Keller, "Muzzle Flash Leads to Muzzle Blast," at HEL to UK, HEL, DARCOM, and TECOM personnel, 4 Mar 80.
G. E. Keller, "Muzzle Flash of British L16A2 Mortar," at ARRADCOM Hq. to UK, ARRADCOM, TECOM, DARCOM, FORSCOM, and TRADOC personnel, 7 May 80.
G. E. Keller (in the absence of T. C. Minor), "Interior Ballistics Model Validation: Experimental Methods", DEA-G-1060 Meeting, BRL, APG, MD, Jun 82.
Briefing of Muzzle Flash/Blast program to Dr. Ian Napier, Weapons Systems Research laboratory, Defence Research Centre Salisbury, Adelaide, South Australia, at BRL, 10 May 83.
Briefing of the research activities of the Applied Ballistics Branch of the IBD to German scientists visiting under DEA-G-1060, BRL, APG, MD, 1 May 85.
G. E. Keller, A. W. Horst, and P. S. Gough, "Appropriate Combustion Models in Two-Phase Flow Interior Ballistic Codes," U.S. Army Two-Phase Flow Workshop, Imperial College, London, 31 Oct - 1 Nov 85.
Briefed status of interior ballistic modeling and flash prediction modeling to Squadron Leader Martin Ziegler from Australia, 27 Jan 86.
Briefed status of 81-mm Mortar flash problem and of BRL gun muzzle flash prediction capabilities to Mr. Kevin Rowles and LTC Douglas Heazlewood of Australia, 30 May 86.
Briefed "Secondary Muzzle Flash and Blast" to Mr. Arnfinn Jenssen, Norwegian Defence Construction Service, and Mr. Edvard Falch, Norwegian contractor, at BRL, May 87.
Briefed Interior Ballistic Modeling, and coordinated our collaborative modeling and validation work at Imperial College and EMI, to Dr. Roy Riechenbach, US Army Research, Development, and Standardization Group (UK), Jan 90.
"Investigation of Axial and Radial Discharge of Ignition Products in a Gun Charge," presentation to the 14th International Symposium on Ballistics, Quebec, Sept 93.
"Interior Ballistic Modeling," brief to COL (P) Krause, Director Argentine Armed Forces Scientific and Technical Research Institute (CITEFA), and (Ret) MAJ Corti, Technical Chief of the Weapons system Department, CITEFA, at APG, on 23 Mar 94.
"Thermal Management of 155-mm Guns," brief to 19th Quadripartite (US, UK, Canada, Australia) Working Group on Surface-to-Surface Artillery, Ft. Sill, OK, 26 Apr - 3 May 94.
"Thermal Management of Fast-Firing, Large-Caliber Cannons," for visiting German delegation under DEA-G-1060, 7 Nov 95, at APG.
"Thermal Management of Fast-Firing, Large-Caliber Cannons," for Dr. Gus Schroeder, Director, Ernst Mach Institut at Weil am Rhine, Germany, 29 Jan 96.
"U.S. Army Artillery Overview," for US/UK ETC Workshop, at APG, 24 Mar 97.
(2) Professional Societies, Associations and Universities:
G. E. Keller, "Thoughts and Afterthoughts on Ionic Mobilities," invited colloquium for the Department of Physics, Penn. Military, 21 Mar 68.
G. E. Keller and R. A. Beyer, "Drift Tube Studies of Carbon Dioxide Clustering to Potassium and Sodium Ions," 23th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference and Second Arc Symposium, Hartford, CN, 20-23 Oct 70.
R. A. Beyer and G. E. Keller, "The Clustering of Atmospheric Gases to Alkali Ions," 52nd Annual Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 12-16 Apr 71.
G. E. Keller and F. E. Niles, "Importance of Weak Clustering of Atmospheric Gases to Ions," 52nd Annual Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 12-16 Apr 71.
G. E. Keller and L. M. Romano, "Clustering of N2 to Li+, "24th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference, Gainesville, FL, Oct 71.
G. E. Keller, "Cluster Ion Studies," Meeting of the International Workshop on Nucleation Theory and Its Applications, Clark College, Atlanta, GA, 10-12 Apr 72.
G. E. Keller and L. M. Colonna-Romano, "Clustering of Ar to Li+ as a Function of E/N," 25th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 17-20 Oct 72.
J. A. Vanderhoff and J. M. Heimerl (presented by G. E. Keller), "Clustering of Atmospheric Gases to NO+," 25th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 17-20 Oct 72.
G. E. Keller and L. M. Colonna-Romano, "Difficulties Involved in Analyzing Ion Mobility Data," 54th Annual Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 16-20 Apr 73.
J. A. Vanderhoff (presented by G. E. Keller), "Time-Response Characteristics of an Aluminum-Oxide Sensor," the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, 10-13 Dec 73.
G. E. Keller, "Mass Spectrometer Studies of the Upper Stratosphere," invited colloquium for the Department of Physics, U. of Delaware, 27 Jan 76.
G. E. Keller, J. R. Olson, R. C. Amme, J. N. Brooks, and D. G. Murcray, "Flight of a Clean Balloon-Borne Stratospheric Mass Spectrometer Package," 57th Annual Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 12-16 Apr 76. Invited
(3) Other Briefings to Non-Government Groups
G. E. Keller, "Muzzle Flash Leads to Muzzle Blast," to the professional staff of Aerodyne, Inc., Bedford, MA, 30 Jun 80.
Briefed Prof. E. Hansen, Mechanical Engineering Department, and T. Shih, Director, Computational Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, University of Florida, on interior ballistic modeling. 20 Feb 86.
Briefed Prof. Tsou, Drexel University, and Dr. Win Aung, NSF, on interior ballistic modeling, with emphasis on heat transfer work. 1 Jul 86.
Briefed Dr. H. J. Reitsma, Head of the Research Group for Ballistics and Rocket Technology, Prins Maurits Laboratory TNO, The Netherlands, on interior ballistic modeling. 10 Sep 86.
Briefed Mr. N. Tan, Chief, Artillery Section, 2nd Division, 1st Research Center, Technical Research & Development, Japanese Defense Agency, on interior ballistic modeling. 18 Nov 86.
Briefed Dr. Roger H. Warren, Deputy Director Armaments, Royal
Armament Research and Development Establishment, on BRL-RARDE cooperative efforts in interior ballistic modeling. 9 Dec 87.
"Interior Ballistic Modeling and Validation," brief to Dr. G. Schroeder, Director, Ernst-Mach-Institut, 22 Mar 90, at BRL.
"Interior Ballistic Effects of Kinetics, Grain Fracture, and Viscosity," Workshop on Unsteady and Two-Phase Flows, June 1990, at Imperial College, London.
Briefed "Interior Ballistic Modeling," ISL Visit to BRL, 23 Oct 90.
Briefed "Interior Ballistic Modeling, Dutch DEA Meeting at BRL, 23 Oct 90.
Briefed "Interior Ballistic Modeling" and "Gun Tube Heating" for Southern University Baton Rouge visitors, at BRL, 13 Aug 92.
b. Membership on Panels and Committees:
BRL member of the 26th Ad Hoc Working Group of the US Army Advanced Material Concepts Agency, 16-18 Jan 73.
Government Coordination Group on Instrumentation Development and Applications to Combustion Studies. Army representative on the Small Scale Standard Burner Committee, 1976-1979.
Member of the JANNAF Panel on Ignitability Properties of LOVA Gun Propellants, 1985 - present.
US Focus Officer, TTCP KTA-13, Two-Phase Flow Interior Ballistic Models, 1988-1991.
Member of ad hoc panel investigating USS IOWA incident, 1991.
Aug 14-18 1992, Open Breech Red Team, at ARDEC. Draft final report reviewed Oct 92.
Invited co-moderator of the Workshop on Detection of Hazardous Residue in Cannon held at Benet Laboratories, 5-6 Aug 92. Assistance acknowledged in paper by Andrade at JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Oct 92.
Member of M829A2 Red Team, 5 May - 29 June 94, at ARDEC. Participation requested by name.
c. Consultative Assistance to Others:
Evaluator/Reviewer for Physical Review, Phys. Rev. Letters, United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation, NSF, ARO, IDA, BRL and ARL reports.
In 81 designed, built, and initially tested an propellant-impact air gun for use by the mechanical properties group in the ABB. In Apr 83 served as the BRL member of the XM833 Quality Readiness Review Team.
In Jun - Jul 83 assisted MISD at BRL in quantifying the response time of shared computers.
In Aug 83 assisted Fred Scerbo of LCWSL with 81-mm mortar interior ballistic calculations in support of a proposed rocket-assisted mortar program.
In the winter of 86, assisted AMSAA analysts LaVerne Cash and Julian Chermik in understanding why "slight" changes in the propellant composition and configuration for new 81-mm mortar rounds had brought back the muzzle flash and blast problems which had previously been solved.
In the spring of 86, assisted as primary investigator and as team leader in IBHVG2 calculations in support of a customer project in the design of the latest Unicharge.
In the spring of 86, supported M865 malfunction investigation with NOVA calculations and interpretations.
In the spring of 86, supported M30, Mod 25 malfunction investigation with NOVA calculations and interpretations.
In Dec 1986, supported the development of the XM919 round (25-mm APDSFS-T, POC - Ludwig Stiefel, ARDEC) with NOVA calculations to establish the relationship between the maximum chamber pressure and the maximum case mouth pressure for this round.
During 1987 and 1988, supported Foreign Science and Technology Center by discovering all that we reasonably could about charges in FSTC-provided 100-mm and 115-mm rounds.
Supported of the X-ROD project at ARDEC, Jan 89.
Supported development of the XM900E1 project with interior ballistic modeling, Fall 89 and Winter, 90.
Supported development of the Unicharge (S. Westley, AED, ARDEC) with two-dimensional, two-phase interior ballistic modeling, Oct 89 through present.
Assisted Bill Yeakel in AMSAA during Feb 91. He needed assistance in evaluating tentative contractor X-ROD plans to see if they were plausible.
Assisted in evaluating material concerning Unicharge evaluation, for Performance and Weaponization Panel, AFAS Downselect Committee, 9 Jul 91.
Performed BLAKE calculations for J. Heimerl, to determine the potential sulfur production of the M919 Bradley round, May 91.
Supported studies of the Navy's 16"/50 gun (Captain Miceli) with interior ballistic modeling support, Mar 90 through Sept 91.
Assisted G. Wren of ABCB during Nov 90 in her LP modeling efforts with calculations on the M203A1 in standard 155-mm howitzer for burn rates which yielded PIMP.
Assisted CCAC (C. Mandala) at ARDEC with calculations which show that forward ignition of a combustible-cased 120-mm tank round could cause significant pressure waves. Studies during FY90 - FY93 included the M829, M829A1, M865 (with LKL propellant and with M14) and the M831 round.
Performed Jan 92 study of 919 propellant for Roman Feydna at Picatinny which asked, "What is the worst possible performance change and peak pressure change if all of mobile ingredients of one propellant (mixed with another) were to migrate to the other propellant." Community feels that no serious migration may take place. After considerable study, recommended no calculations; someone might believe them. Measurements were recommended instead.
Unicharge calculations for comparison with LP firings, for G. Wren, Mar 92. Assistance acknowledged in JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee paper by Wren in Oct 92.
During Spring 92, provided pressure design curves for Stephen VanDyke-Restifo at Benet for design of new 155-mm/52-caliber cannon tube. This cannon is now to be built; it has been designated as the XM287. Further assistance rendered in Apr 93.
Assisted David Sparrow, Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA), on thermal management of high-firing-rate cannon, July 92 through Nov 92, culminating in review of his draft report on the subject.
Assisted in the evaluation of GE report on thermal management of LP Guns, furnished to CCAC at Benet, Aug 92.
In Jan 93 assisted the Marine Corps research center at Quantico with modeling of high performance artillery weapons.
In Apr 93 coordinated and participated in a two-day interior ballistic modeling education for Mr. Lee, an exchange engineer with AED/ARDEC from Korea.
In Apr 93 assisted in getting interior ballistic modeling software up and running on new workstation in Australia (A. Wildegger-Gaissmaier).
In Apr 93 assisted SAIC (David Fender) in assembling information from ARL on several questions associated with chemical demilitarization of liquid-containing shells.
In Oct 93, assisted LLNL personnel (Frank Magness) by producing an interior ballistic simulation of a proposed simulation and obtaining for it a tube heating prediction. The sponsor of this work, the Navy at Dahlgren (R. Hubbard), has taken back the control of this project; at this writing (Mar 94), they plan to fund ARL to assist with thermal management.
In Nov 93 studied potential for grain fracture and overpressure problems for a cold M829A1 round with a defective primer for CCAC (E. Fennell). An ARL report on this effort has now been funded by CCAC.
In Nov 93 studied the problem of 12-round-per-minute firings of 21 M900 round in an XM35 cannon, and the resulting potential for cookoff of the 22nd round, for CCAC (E. Fennell).
In Nov 93 performed BLAKE calculations for yet another proposed M919 propellant, for CCAC (D. Millette).
In Nov 93, assisted the Air Force at Elgin (Capt. Palumbo) with a blowdown simulation of a 40-mm AC130 cannon. This will be used as input for a model of the flows around the run muzzle and its interactions with other parts of the plane.
In Jan 94, responded to a request for rapid technical assessment for the need (or lack of need) for active cooling by the OPM Paladin (R. Hill) for the new XM297 cannon. The response included a best technical estimate of the need for cooling for the three firing scenarios suggested, but also pointed out the six other kinds of problems that heating causes for fast-firing artillery, the state of the art for each, the POC for more information for each, etc.
On 3 Feb 95 performed the calculations and shipped to Ron Bast at Benet Labs the requested MACS/XM297 interior ballistic information (time, pressure, travel, velocity, acceleration) for Zone 6 MACS, three conditioning temperatures, and two projectile weights, to assist in design of the XM297 cannon.
Assisted LTC A. Ellis of the PM Crusader office with a discussion and charts to show why the German 155-mm howitzer that was fired for the PM didn't exhibit any appreciable heating" even after more than a dozen rounds had been quickly fired. Sufficient time had not elapsed for the sensor, which was on the external surface of the chamber, to show an appreciable temperature rise. 29 Mar 95.
Dr. Harry Fair of the IAT in Austin TX asked, on 6 Apr 95, what masses of penetrators we could fire at 2000 and 2200 m/s from a standard 120-mm gun using standard propellants and using high loading density high force propellants. I responded on 11 and 12 Apr 95 with not only the direct answers to his questions, but also material to show him that the optimal armor penetration using a 120-mm cannon comes from using a heavier penetrator at somewhat lower velocities.
In July 96, Denver Research Institute requested assistance from me in regaining 40-mm gun velocities at Camden, Arkansas that they had previously experienced in Denver, CO. I and my team responded with a quick study of aerodynamic effects and humidity effects which might have made a difference, but also with studies of changes in gun tube length, sabot weights, and propellant changes which would get the work back on track in the minimum possible time.
In July 96, as a direct result of my brief to Ft. Sill, Martin Perry of AMSAA requested a quick gun tube heating and cooling study of the German PZH-2000 cannon (which has no active cooling) to assist AMSAA in preparing a Pentagon brief. I responded with all the calculations and data needed by the deadline, 12 July 96. The study showed, for the first time, how much cooling improvement is made during the transportation of the howitzer from one firing site to the next.
Winter and Spring of 97 have included several requests for assistance from Ed Fennell, CCAC, ARDEC. He inquired about unusual pressure curves when firing M14 in the M865E3; after studying the curves in detail, I responded (7 Apr 97) with notes about how grain stress and compaction, but not serious fracture, might be causing the unusual pressure traces. He pointed out M829A2 firings with pressure curves with double humps at the top; we had many conversations about those firings, agreeing (7 Apr 97) that a) they were real and not a measurement artifact, b) they caused no problems, and c) (only) if they led to increased performance, we would be interested in studying them further. The primers of some M865 cartridges were found to be lacking their benite; Ed requested a statement from me about the harmful effects that could be caused if the black powder at the rear of the primer could only light one or two grains of the main propellant bed; local ignition is known to cause severe pressure waves in charges like these (see Keller, Anderson and Horst, ARL-TR-292).
Marie Hagen from Department of Justice called several times to discuss secondary muzzle flash spectra from small caliber weapons. I directed her to the handbook "Spectral Characteristics of Muzzle Flash," especially to figure 2-4 illustrating the expected spectra. We lacked the equipment necessary to make the measurements she desired; she hired someone else to do that.
d. Known Favorable Citation of Work (a sampling since 1983):
Letter from AMSAA (AMXSY-GI) to AMC (AMCDE-SE) dated 20 Mar 86 cites "the BRL Interior Ballistics Division (Dr. George Keller)" as having models which could help solve the flash and blast problem of our 81-mm mortar. It pointed out that solutions for the 81-mm mortar had implications to the 60- mm and 120-mm mortar programs as well. In light of that, "AMSAA recommends interior ballistics experts from BRL and propellant experts from ARDC be tasked and funded to jointly study the problem in its entirety, prior to the upcoming TC-Standard IPR."
Revision of AMCP 706-247 Design for Projection, Preliminary Draft Manuscript of Chapter 14, Gun Muzzle Blast and Flash, dated 20 Oct 88, borrows heavily and closely from the several Keller publications pertaining to muzzle flash, especially to the prediction of muzzle flash using existing models.
e. Professional Societies:
American Physical Society, 1963 to present
Sigma Xi, 1964 to present
f. Awards or Other Honors:
National Merit Scholarship, 1956-1960
National Defense Education Act Fellowship, 1960-1965.
Appointment to the BRL Scientific Staff, Mar 68.
Nov 79, letter of appreciation from the Chief of IBD for "support, assistance, ideas, and general information provided" in support of the Army Gun Propulsion Technology Review given at DA in Oct 79.
Oct 80, BRL commendation for contributions in support of a BRL Mini- Combustion Symposium (International).
Jun 82, letter of appreciation from A. A. Loeb, Chairman TTCP, Panel W2, Blast Overpressure Workshop: "Your paper .... contributed significantly to the description of the efforts in the United States in the blast overpressure area and was of interest to the international audience."
Jul 82, letter of appreciation from Technical Project Officer and Technical Coordinators on DEA-G-1060 for participation in the tour arranged for that DEA meeting. The tour was cited as "a high point of the meeting."
Nov 83, Special Act Award, for work to implement the use of microcomputers in the Interior Ballistics Division of the BRL.
Dec 83, letter of appreciation from Chief, IBD, BRL for assistance with the BRL Open House, 3 Dec 83.
Feb 84, letter of appreciation from Tank Coordinator, SECAD, BRL, for CDC briefing at Ft. Knox.
Award for Highly Successful Performance, Fall, 86.
Jul 88, letter of appreciation from Dir, BRL, for Model Installation Program (MIP) suggestion.
Award for Highly Successful Performance, Fall, 88.
Oct 88, Letter of appreciation for efforts at the OPM Health, Science, and Technology Job Fair 26/27 August, 1988, from the Director of Corporate Laboratories, LABCOM.
Apr 89, letter of appreciation from Chief, Ballistics Analysis Branch, CSTA, for providing training on Interior Ballistic Program IBHVG2 to Mr. Tien Nguyen from CSTA.
Oct 89, commendation for special service in the planning, preparation, and execution of the LABCOM Technology Symposium.
Special Act Award, 14 July 89.
Award for Exceptional Performance, 25 Sept 89.
Special Act Award, 31 Oct 90.
Award for Highly Successful Performance, 4 Sept 90.
Award for Highly Successful Performance, 27 Aug 91.
Letter of appreciation from Director, BRL, for briefings at Ft. Sill on 14 Jan 92.
Letter of Appreciation from Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command for Support to the USS IOWA Investigation, 27 Feb 92.
Special Act Award, 5 May 92, "in recognition of his significant technical contributions in planning and conducting critical analyses in support of the Navy's investigation of the ... USS Iowa."
Letter of thanks dated 26 May 92 from Dr. R.L. Derr, Chairman, TTCP WTP-4 for "outstanding job in the planning, execution, and reporting of work related to the collaborative work done in the Key Technology Area (KTA-13), "Two Phase Flow Interior Ballistics Model."
Award for Highly Successful Performance, 23 Sep 92.
The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) Achievement Award, Subgroup W (Conventional Weapons Technology), for work on Two-Phase Flow Interior Ballistic Models, 1992.
Memorandum of Appreciation from Director, BRL, for service to BRL, 30 Sept 92.
Memorandum of Appreciation from System Integration Officer, AFAS Armament, dated 9 Dec 92, subject "Recognition of Support to the Advance Field Artillery System (AFAS) Thermal Management." "Dr. Keller's presentations to the Field Artillery community and the Office of the Project Manager, AFAS have contributed significantly to the development of a thermal program strategy. ... Dr. Keller's expertise in this area as been critical tot he development of the armament. ... Dr. Keller provided the recommendation that led to the AFAS Thermal Management Strategy. He originally identified the six technical issues that have been used as the focal point for the program to date... George continually supports the program with his expertise and wise counsel. ..."
Memorandum dated 5 Feb 93 from Chief, Development Engineering Division, Benet Laboratories to Commander, Armament Engineering Directorate, ARDEC, expresses "Benet's deep appreciation for the Unicharge ballistic data which was supplied by Aaron Grabowsky (AED) and George Keller (ARL). Sharing of technical information in the early and uncertain states of a program is always an uncomfortable proposition. Despite this, it was felt that Messrs. Grabowsky and Keller were extremely cooperative in providing the best data available to them."
Memorandum of Appreciation dated 10 Feb 93 from Directorate Executive, WTD/ARL, for participation in "Celebration of BRL" transition ceremonies on 30 Sep 92.
Memorandum of Appreciation from Directorate Executive, WTD/ARL, in conjunction with TTCP Award, 3 May 93.
Memorandum of Appreciation dated 12 May 93 from Acting Director, ARL, for participation in ARL-Fort Sill Day Conference.
Award in Sep 93 for Highly Successful Performance.
Special Act Award in Oct 93 for representing the US in the TTCP, KTA 13 study entitled "Two-Phase Flow Interior Ballistic Models."
Letter of thanks from Steven R. Ford, Research Specialist, Denver Research Institute, dated 29 Dec 93, "With your help and encouragement, I have learned a great deal about interior ballistics this past couple of years and had a great deal of fun in the process. Thanks again, and best wishes...."
Appointment in Jan 94 to the Army Acquisition Corps.
Award in May 94 for performance rating of "Excellence."
Note of thanks dated 3 May 94 from Mr. Fred Rowzee at US Army Field Artillery School for brief on Thermal Management and participating in the Quadripartite Working Group on Surface to Surface Artillery at Ft. Sill.
Award in June 95 for performance rating of "Excellence."
Letter of thanks from Dr. Janet Sater of Institute for Defense Analyses for 20 Sept 95 seminar on Thermal Management of gun systems.
QSI award in Aug 96 for exceptional performance.